Who should insure the car - owner or driver?

Can the insured under compulsory motor liability insurance not be the owner of the car?

Quite often, a car is purchased by one person and operated by another.

In order not to waste time on re-registration of property rights, the legislation of the Russian Federation provides the opportunity for the owner of a vehicle to entrust the driving of the car to another person.

In this case, the question becomes relevant: who can be the insured under compulsory motor liability insurance, and whether it is possible to obtain insurance for someone other than the owner of the car.

First of all, you should figure out who the insured is in the MTPL policy. He is the person who enters into a compulsory motor liability insurance agreement with an insurance company.

The policyholder pays money for insurance and makes the necessary adjustments in the future. He has the right to change the period of use, add new drivers, receive a duplicate of the policy, and the like.

Amendments were made to the rules of compulsory motor liability insurance, the provision of the law in relation to persons who issue insurance policies has changed.

The policyholder and the owner of the vehicle are different persons under compulsory motor liability insurance. The insurance form contains two separate columns for them, which confirms the right for another person to take out the policy. This can be any driver authorized to drive a vehicle.

In accordance with the law, a party to the contract may be:

the owner himself;
his confidant;
a driver who operates a vehicle by proxy;
a close person or just an acquaintance.

Thus, the insured under the MTPL policy may not be the owner of the car. In this case, a person does not have to have a notarized power of attorney for him.

One person can be the policyholder, another can be the owner, and a third person can drive the insured vehicle.

The law does not specifically specify whether it should be an individual or an organization. Any person has the right to insure a car.

The policyholder must simply perform his simple duties:

Provide truthful information, valid documents or photocopies thereof. They are needed for the correct calculation of the insurance premium and the conclusion of the MTPL contract.
Make timely necessary changes to the policy if necessary during the year.

Registration of compulsory motor liability insurance without the presence of the owner

The presence of the owner to obtain insurance is not a prerequisite. But his name fits into the auto insurance policy.

The policyholder must be included in the MTPL insurance as a driver authorized to drive. This is the person who entered into a compulsory insurance contract and made payment. He automatically becomes a driver included in the insurance and is covered by insurance.

For the owner, when registering a car not in the name of the owner, it is not necessary to enter the policy as a driver.

Any driver to whom a power of attorney has been issued can take out insurance without the presence of the owner, and it does not have to be certified by a notary.

The owner of the vehicle can issue a one-time, special or general power of attorney to issue a policy. A handwritten version will also work.

In addition, you will need the following documents:

Insurance Application.
Driver's licenses of all persons who are allowed to drive a car under the MTPL policy.
Driver's ID card and a copy of the car owner's passport.
Documents for the car - PTS and registration certificate.
Previously concluded auto insurance policy.
Directly, the power of attorney itself to conclude the MTPL agreement.

You can present the above list of documents in copies if the insurance company allows it.

Cost of insurance purchased by someone other than the owner of the car

The cost of insurance depends on several factors:

driver experience;
his age;
KBM coefficient.

When calculating, only the data of those persons who are allowed to drive a vehicle will be taken into account. The cost of insurance will depend on their number. Therefore, you should only enter those drivers who plan to use the car constantly.

If the policy is issued not by the owner of the car, but by another person, then the owner may not be included in the insurance. Since the presence of a policy gives the car owner the right to use it.

Registration of a compulsory motor liability insurance policy not for the owner of the car will not affect the cost of insurance at all.

According to the law, which is also in force in 2019, when the insured and the owner are united in one person, there are no changes in the cost of the policy.

It can only be noted that additional costs will be incurred by the owner of the vehicle when registering a power of attorney with a notary.

Who will receive the insurance payment when applying for compulsory motor liability insurance not for the owner?

Having an MTPL policy gives the insured a guarantee that in the event of a traffic accident, the costs of repairing the damaged vehicle will be fully or partially covered by the insurance company.

If the policy is not issued to the owner of the vehicle, drivers have a question about who is the beneficiary under compulsory motor liability insurance, the owner or the insured . According to the law, insurance compensation is due to the owner of the car.

Cash compensation can be received in cash at the insurance company's cash desk or by bank transfer by providing the recipient's details to the bank.

It is the owner of the vehicle who will receive payments when an insured event occurs. Therefore, he should foresee all the nuances of obtaining insurance in advance.

Only he will have the right to receive insurance compensation, unless he makes a power of attorney to another person to receive payments. In this situation, the power of attorney must be certified by a notary.

The authorized person can be the policyholder under the MTPL policy or any other person.

The insured under MTPL may not be the owner of the car. The insurance company has the right to enter into a motor vehicle liability agreement with anyone who presents a document confirming the right to operate the vehicle.

In accordance with the law, if the owner and the policyholder are different persons, the MTPL agreement can be issued for any of them. The insured of the vehicle is automatically included in the insurance as a driver.

The owner of the car, when registered in the name of another person, does not have to be included in the policy as a driver. In the event of an accident, the owner of the car or an authorized person has the right to receive insurance compensation.

Who should insure the car - owner or driver?

Can the insured under compulsory motor liability insurance be not the owner of the car?

Features of car insurance: is it possible to issue compulsory motor liability insurance not for the owner of the car, but for a third party?

In the event of the death of the car owner, the insurance contract is not only canceled, but the owner of the car is lost altogether. Until the heirs take possession of their rights, the car actually does not have an owner. During this period of time, the car becomes like a draw for half a year, because it is after such a period of time that the heirs can enter into inheritance rights.

In the compulsory insurance form there are two columns “owner” and “policyholder”. If the owner and the policyholder are the same person, then the owner’s data is entered in these fields, but if these are different people, then the owner of the car is entered in the column “owner”, and in the column “ “policyholder” is the person purchasing this insurance product. Therefore, both the owner himself and third parties can purchase an insurance policy.

Is it possible that the policyholder and the owner of the car in the MTPL policy are different persons? Who are they

Therefore, the policyholder and the owner may be different people or organizations . It is important to understand the differences between these entities, as this can be useful in the event of an accident. The victim must know which of these persons should make claims for repayment of losses.

In the field of automobile insurance, and in particular in motor third party liability insurance, the insured is also an individual or legal entity on whose behalf the MTPL agreement is concluded. This definition is enshrined in Article 1 of Federal Law No. 40-FZ, which regulates the basic principles of compulsory motor liability insurance.

OSAGO in 2019: who can be the policyholder

Why are there discrepancies regarding the question of who can act as an insurer under compulsory motor liability insurance? Many people believe that if the auto insurance policy is liability insurance for the vehicle owner, then only he has the right to enter into an agreement. However, an analysis of current legislation convinces us of the opposite.

Car owners in our country and those who follow changes in automobile legislation probably already know that over the past years, significant adjustments have been made to the rules of compulsory motor third party liability insurance and the issuance of its policies. In this article, we will look at who can be an insured under compulsory motor liability insurance in 2019, and we will clarify whether the provisions of the law have changed in relation to persons taking out insurance policies.

How to insure a car without an owner

The legislation provides that the owner of the vehicle can be one person, the policyholder - another, and the driver of the car - a third. The owner and the policyholder can be different people; therefore, two separate lines are allocated for them in the form.

When taking out a policy by another person who is not the owner of the vehicle, it is allowed not to indicate the owner of the car as the insured in the insurance, since the presence of a compulsory motor liability insurance agreement automatically gives him the right to use this vehicle.

Registration of compulsory motor liability insurance by a non-car owner: is it possible?

Not to mention that he has no intention of insuring this vehicle. Therefore, in such situations, a trusted person, even not a legally trusted one, has a question: is it possible to issue compulsory motor liability insurance not for the owner of the car and is it even possible to insure the vehicle for the existing driver if he is not the legal owner of the car?

Let us remind you that in the absence of a general power of attorney and any other paper of identical content, in the event of a traffic accident, all payments for the restoration of the car will be transferred to the name of the owner of the vehicle. Do not forget to fill out this document in order to prevent such situations.

Responsibility of the vehicle owner in case of an accident

Thus, it is necessary to note once again that the general basis for collecting damages from the owner is the presence of guilt. When distributing responsibility, judicial practice is based on the principle of guilt, first of all, of the driver who was driving the car at the time of the accident. If the court finds that the owner assumed and allowed the possession of the car without legal grounds for this, the owner will compensate for damages in proportion to his fault.

The owner will automatically incur administrative punishment in accordance with the provisions of Art. 2.6.1. Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, if the incident was recorded using automatic photo and video recording. Exception: in the event of an accident, in the event of an appeal against a decision to commit an administrative offense, the owner can present sufficient and relevant evidence that another person was driving the vehicle, which the court will take into account. It is a mistaken opinion that it is enough to present a car purchase and sale agreement in court to prove the owner’s non-involvement in an offense recorded automatically. It is worth remembering that the purchase and sale agreement is not evidence of a change in the owner of the vehicle unless re-registration has been carried out with the traffic police departments. If you sold the car, but within 10 days established by law, the new owner did not submit documents for registration, the responsibility for removing it from it passes to you.

Rights of policyholders and car owners in MTPL

forms for applying for insurance have a standard form;
the calculation algorithm of the OSAGO calculator is identical for all companies (unlike the CASCO calculator);
payment limits and the procedure for settling losses are regulated centrally;
The procedure for issuing policies is clearly defined and uniform for market participants.

If the car owner purchases the policy himself, such division of functions becomes irrelevant. However, otherwise, these positions should be taken into account both when applying for compulsory motor liability insurance and when carrying out any actions within the framework of current insurance. What are the most common situations that lead to misunderstandings in this area?

Are the owner and the policyholder different persons in compulsory motor liability insurance?

driver's license (if several people will drive the car, their licenses will also need to be presented);
original passport of the policyholder;
a copy of the car owner's passport;
PTS for the car;
technical inspection;
previous insurance policy, if any;
power of attorney.

Any person with a driver's license can buy car insurance if they have a power of attorney from the car owner. It does not have to be general and notarized. Insurers even accept a simple handwritten power of attorney written by the owner. The list of documents that the policyholder must have when registering not in the name of the owner includes:

It is important to know whether you can insure your car if you are not the owner

As already mentioned, absolutely anyone can become a vehicle insured, even if they are not related to this vehicle. The main thing is that this person has in his hands a notarized power of attorney from the owner of the vehicle to represent his interests.

Absolutely anyone can become a car insured, because the insurance company client purchasing the policy is the one who pays the amount of the insurance premium, and in any case, only the owner of the car will be the beneficiary. The policyholder is automatically included in the contract as a driver, so it turns out that insurance coverage applies to him and all drivers included in the policy, but the car owner may not be included in the contract as a driver.

Can the insured under MTPL not be the owner of the car?

The legislation provides for the opportunity for a person who is not the owner of the vehicle to operate the vehicle and perform legally significant actions in relation to it, provided that documents are available. Does this rule apply to liability insurance? Who is the insured in the MTPL policy? Who can be a car insured under MTPL? Who will receive compensation if the owner and the policyholder under the MTPL policy are different people?

Who can be an insured under MTPL?

The application for concluding a motor third party liability insurance contract contains several lines for entering the data of the policyholder, the owner of the vehicle and the drivers. The relevant information is indicated in both the MTPL agreement and the insurance policy.

The concepts of “policyholder” and “owner”

Article 1 of the law “On OSAGO” reveals the meaning of the concepts and indicates who the insured is in the OSAGO policy, and who is the owner. The insured is the person who enters into a mandatory “automobile insurance” agreement with the insurance company and puts his signature on the document. The owner of the vehicle is the person who owns the car on the right of ownership, obtained by concluding a purchase and sale agreement, receiving an inheritance, etc. Another category that appears in the insurance is the driver. He is recognized as a person who has the right to legally drive a car.

Role in issuing a policy

What rights do they have?

The policyholder has the right to carry out any actions provided for by law related to the execution of the MTPL agreement, its extension or termination. He can make changes to the contract, add new drivers to the MTPL policy, change irrelevant technical characteristics of the vehicle in the document, etc. That is, he can interact with the insurance company from which he purchased the insurance policy within the framework of the law and the terms of the contract itself.

The owner of the vehicle, in respect of which the contract was concluded, has all other rights and has his own responsibilities. Only he (or his official representative) can file an application for payment of compensation, can receive insurance after the occurrence of an insured event, monitor the quality of car repairs under compulsory motor liability insurance, file complaints against the insurance company, etc.

Registration of compulsory motor liability insurance without the owner of the car

The procedure for issuing an insurance policy, when the policyholder and the owner under compulsory motor liability insurance are not the same person, is practically no different from the standard one. Typically, in such situations, the insured is the driver of a car owned by another person. For example, a husband can enter into a compulsory insurance agreement for a car that is owned by his wife.

Design features

The purchase of an MTPL policy without the owner of the car is carried out in accordance with the MTPL Rules. The procedure involves choosing an insurer and contacting him to calculate the cost of insurance. If the amount of the insurance premium and the conditions offered by this insurance company are suitable, then a contract is concluded. After paying the insurance premium, the policyholder receives his copy of the agreement, compulsory motor liability insurance policy, notification of an accident and insurance rules.

You can also conclude an agreement electronically. To do this, you need to register in your personal account on the website of the selected insurance company and fill out an application. If the information from the application during verification does not coincide with the data from the unified information database, the system will require you to upload electronic copies of documents. After paying for insurance using any of the proposed methods (Visa, electronic wallets, etc.), the contract will be considered concluded, and the insurance policy itself will be sent to the e-mail specified in the application. You will need to print it out and take it with you in your car.

Required documents

To register compulsory motor liability insurance, it is necessary for the owner of the vehicle to issue a power of attorney to the person who will enter into the contract and pay for the insurance. According to Art. 185 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a power of attorney for a car is required if legally significant actions will be taken in relation to it. Registration of a compulsory motor liability insurance policy is such. The rest of the list of documents will be standard, provided for in Article 15 of the Law “On Compulsory Motor Liability Insurance”:

Statement;
A copy of the owner’s passport, the policyholder’s passport;
Driver's licenses of all persons who will have the right to drive a car;
Diagnostic card with maintenance;
PTS, STS.

From those who can insure a car, the insurer has no right to demand other documents, since the list of required ones is fixed at the level of federal legislation. But the MTPL Rules established by Central Bank Regulation No. 431-P state that if the contract is concluded with a new insurance company, the policyholder must provide information about previous auto insurance policies. Therefore, when submitting an application, it is better to have copies of the old contract and policy with you.

Cost of insurance for non-owner

The cost of insurance will not depend on who enters into the agreement - the policyholder or the owner of the vehicle. The calculation will depend on the type of insurance. If a policy is issued with a limited number of drivers who have the right to drive a car, then the insurance company will calculate it based on the worst indicators. That is, if one driver has 7 years of experience, and the second has 2 years, then the coefficients of the second driver will be taken into account when calculating.

If insurance is issued without restrictions, then the coefficients of the vehicle owner will be applied. If the policy is purchased by a legal entity, then when determining the BMI, the vehicle data is used - whether it was involved in accidents in previous insurance periods or not, and when determining the territorial coefficient, the place of registration of the legal entity will be taken into account. All calculations must be carried out in accordance with the values presented in Central Bank Directive No. 3384-U.

Who will receive the insurance payment?

If the policyholder and the owner are different persons, a natural question arises as to which of them has the right to receive insurance compensation. According to Art. 12 of the Law “On Compulsory Motor Liability Insurance”, a claim for compensation for damage received in an accident can only be submitted to the insurance company by the victim or his official representative. That is, any driver included in the MTPL policy and recognized as injured in an accident can write an application for insurance for damage to health or property. If the policyholder is included in the insurance as a driver, he has the right to make a claim for payment to the insurer. If not, then he will need a power of attorney from the owner of the car confirming his authority to receive payment of insurance compensation.

Conclusion

Who the insured is in the compulsory motor liability insurance policy is stated in the legislation and in the Automobile Rules. The owner is not always the one who enters into the insurance agreement; he may not even be included in the policy as a driver. In order for another person to have the right to obtain insurance, perform registration actions and operate a car within the framework of the law, the owner of the vehicle must issue such a person a notarized power of attorney.

Can I insure a car if I am not the owner? OSAGO when buying and selling a used car. New car insurance without license plates

Today, car owners are not always their real owners. A car is often purchased by one person, and driven by a completely different person (one of the relatives, wife, child, etc.). When preparing documents for compulsory car insurance, many people have a question: is it possible for a non-owner to obtain compulsory motor liability insurance? Next, we will consider this possibility when buying, selling and re-registering a car.

The Federal Law “On Compulsory Civil Liability Insurance of Vehicle Owners” characterizes the insured as a person entering into an insurance agreement with the insurer (Article 1, paragraph 6). That is, the insured in this situation is understood as the person who pays for the insurance and also makes the required changes to the policy in the future - indicates new drivers, changes the terms of use, makes a request for a duplicate, etc. The insured is not required to be the owner of the vehicle or have a power of attorney or be included in the document. The owner of the car always receives the insurance payment.

In accordance with the above law, one person can be the owner of the vehicle, another can be the policyholder, and a third can drive the vehicle. All the policyholder must do is provide reliable information for concluding a contract and calculating the insurance premium, including valid documents or photocopies of them (licence, passport, car documents), and also be sure to add information to the policy about any changes that arise if those will happen. When registering a policy, the owner and the policyholder are different persons (2 separate columns are provided for them in the form).

How to apply for an MTPL policy when buying a used car

If you bought a used car, then you need to take out a policy even when these services were purchased by the previous owner and the insurance period is still valid. When purchasing a vehicle secondhand, registration must be carried out within 10 days after the purchase.

Federal Law “On Compulsory Insurance”, Art. 4, paragraph 2.

For non-compliance with these rules, the fines indicated in the table are provided.

Who should insure the car - owner or driver?

Therefore, the insurer should not refuse to issue car insurance without a power of attorney. By and large, insurance companies do not care who is the insured under MTPL and who will pay for the insurance. Any person driving a car can take out a compulsory motor liability insurance policy.

Who will receive the insurance payment?

The person concluding an agreement with the insurance company can be absolutely any of the drivers who has the right to drive this car, i.e.
included in the insurance. It is not necessary for a person who owns a vehicle to sign up for an auto liability policy as a driver.

This categorical approach is due to the fact that the buyer of a new car will definitely have to redo the diagnostic maintenance card and technical passport in his name, where new data will be indicated. After receiving new documents, you can issue an MTPL insurance policy with all the necessary data entered into it.

The mortgagor has the right to conclude an agreement in another city; he will fill out the form and indicate the place of residence of the owner of the car, even if he is located in another region.

Should only the owner of the car always be the insured under compulsory motor liability insurance?

The MTPL policy is a document confirming the compulsory civil liability insurance of the vehicle owner. Its peculiarity is characterized by compensation for damage caused to another car and its passengers. By insuring the car owner, the owner of the car gets rid of the hassle of compensating the victims in the future; this will be taken care of by the insurance company.

From the above it follows that not only the car owner can buy a policy. This is also easy to do without notarizing the authority of your rights. One person can buy insurance, a second can be the owner, and a third can drive the car. This applies not only to individuals, but also to legal entities if employees work on the company’s transport.

Interest in this matter arises due to life circumstances when one person owns the vehicle and another person controls it. In order to avoid unexpected problems in the future, it is worth understanding this issue in more detail.

Can the insured under compulsory motor liability insurance not be the owner of the car?

The owner of the car, in respect of which an agreement was concluded between the policyholder and the insurance company, does not have such powers, despite the fact that the car is owned by this citizen.

The insured, regardless of whether he is the owner of the vehicle or not (the policyholder and the owner are different persons of OSAGO), has the following obligations to the insurance company during the execution of the agreement:

paying a fee for the policy;
provision of an application and package of documents;
storing and ensuring the safety of the form;
timely making adjustments if necessary.

If a person drives a car in accordance with a power of attorney, then he may not register the owner. Any person can buy a policy without an owner if a power of attorney has been issued for him, including a handwritten one, not notarized. Acceptable options are one-time, special, general.

Of course, if the owner was not driving the vehicle at the time of the incident, criminal liability for the accident will not fall on him, since his intent in this case is absent. Even if the owner was in the car at that moment, he cannot have anything to do with the crime, since he is not to blame for the accident (fault is the main component of the crime).

If the pledgor is responsible only for the correctness of the information provided, then the owner bears full responsibility for the behavior of the car on the road, he is a participant in the road process. But, if the car becomes an unwitting participant in a traffic accident, the owner, and not the policyholder, receives the insured amount or its material component. Although he appoints a beneficiary. The main powers of both can be summarized as follows:

the policyholder changes the list of drivers;
reissues the insurance policy when the owner changes;
extends the validity of the policy;
terminates the insurance contract and has the right to replace the owner;
receives the unused portion of the insurance;
makes technical changes that arise, adjusts the purpose of using the product.

In addition, the judge may reduce the amount of payments. A reduction in the amount of compensation is possible if the victim acted carelessly.

To draw up a standard motor vehicle insurance contract, the service applicant must contact the insurer in person or online. In this case, you should have an identity card (passport), car documents, and driver's license. When the question concerns the presence of the actual owner of the car, that is, the owner, then when registering compulsory motor liability insurance it is not required.

Civil liability for the owner of the car will not occur if the driver was a person who has legal grounds to drive the vehicle (power of attorney). The driver will be responsible for the incident. But if the owner of the car was in the car at that time, it is considered that the vehicle was in his possession. Therefore, penalties will still affect him.

The rules for using a car allow it to be driven not only by the owner - the legal owner in accordance with the documents, but also by other persons. As a rule, they are determined by a power of attorney, a leasing agreement, and other documents. Who can be the insured of a car under compulsory motor liability insurance when the vehicle is used by another person also depends on some features that are prescribed in the law “On compulsory motor liability insurance”.

Therefore, it turns out that when signing a car title document, the policyholder and the owner are different persons.

If the owner of the car and the person who entered into the transaction are the same person, then this kind of division becomes, as you understand, irrelevant.

In most cases, the insurance document is issued to the person who directly uses the vehicle. If I am the owner, I can insure instead of the owner of the car.

Today, the concepts of policyholder and owner are differentiated, therefore, in the insurance contract, separate fields are allocated for them to fill out. But who is the policyholder according to the documents? The policyholder is an individual who has the right to execute this agreement. This subject may have restrictions on the rights to the vehicle, but he undertakes to fulfill all the conditions specified in the contract.

Again about MTPL insurance. — DRIVE2

Coverage extends to the owner as well as all persons included in the insurance, including the insured. Therefore, problems should not arise if a car gets into a traffic accident. The owner of a vehicle and those who actually manage it should remember that, according to Federal Law No. 40, vehicle insurance requirements are a mandatory condition for everyone. For driving a car for which the MTPL policy has not been issued or has expired, the driver will face a fine.

Police officers currently do not ask for a power of attorney to drive a car, however, until 2012, a power of attorney giving a person the right to drive a vehicle was mandatory.

Administrative penalties await the owner of the vehicle even when the offense is recorded only with the help of traffic cameras. So, if the driver provoked an accident, but fled the scene, responsibility will fall on the owner.

Another category that appears in the insurance is the driver. He is recognized as a person who has the right to legally drive a car.

One of the parties to such an agreement may be:

car owner;
confidant;
a driver driving a car by proxy;
a relative or just an acquaintance.

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The car owner will be able to receive payment for car insurance in cash at the insurer's cash desk or by bank transfer to the bank's personal account. To transfer money, the owner of the car needs to transfer bank information to the insurance company. But in most cases, you will need to receive a referral for car repair.

The culprit of the incident will not receive any compensation, while the injured party has the right to count on money that will help cover repairs (payment of due compensation).

After an accident occurs, the person for whom compulsory motor liability insurance is issued will not be able to make decisions, since he is not the owner of the car. Namely these actions: write a statement about the accident that occurred and demand payment of compensation for damage. This is only possible if he has a formalized power of attorney from the owner of the car.

How to apply for an MTPL policy when buying a used car

The policyholder and the owner under compulsory motor liability insurance may be the same person, or they may be different people.
The first one enters into an insurance contract, and the second one is the subject in respect of whom this contract is concluded. The person who paid for the insurance after signing the transaction has the powers and rights provided for by the terms of the contract - to renew, terminate early and change the contract. The policyholder has the right to carry out any actions provided for by law related to the execution of the MTPL agreement, its extension or termination. He can make changes to the contract, add new drivers to the MTPL policy, change irrelevant technical characteristics of the vehicle in the document, etc.

Statistics on today's civil liability insurance market for vehicle owners show that the direct owner of the car does not always use his vehicle as the real owner.

The policyholder has the right to terminate the contract if necessary, as well as receive a duplicate of the previously prescribed policy.

Is it possible to apply for compulsory insurance for someone other than the owner of the car?

The insurance contract form contains 2 separate columns. The owner of the vehicle is entered in one line, and the person taking out car insurance in the other. Current Russian legislation prohibits driving a vehicle without motor liability insurance. This measure allows you to protect the interests of the parties in an accident.