How to clear customs cargo from China to Russia

Customs clearance of goods from China: 3 main stages

After bringing goods into the country, the entrepreneur will have to deal with customs. The guarantee of its successful completion is a correctly completed declaration and timely payment of all necessary duties and payments. What risks exist and what should you pay attention to?

To submit a declaration, it is necessary to determine the code of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity (TN FEA) of the product, fill out the declaration, and also provide all permitting documentation. The latter depends on what kind of goods are being cleared through customs. In most cases, a regular certificate of conformity is sufficient (if you are not carrying children's, medical, food, or “complex goods” that must undergo mandatory certification).

How to pay? First, customs duties are paid, then VAT, then customs duties. If you are an excise company, then you will have to add excise duty to all of the above.

Stage 1 - Declaration

The movement of all international trade cargo is governed by various arrangements. For example, the UN has a special protocol, according to which most countries in the world have agreed to classify goods. In Russia, this classification is called TN VED - Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity. In order to clear goods through customs and put them into circulation on the territory of the Customs Union (as of February 1, 2015, the Customs Union includes Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Armenia), it is necessary, first of all, to determine the so-called HS code.

Its own HS code is assigned to any product, commodity or item. It is organized “from the general to the specific”: first comes the group, then the subgroups, then certain classifications, and at the end the goods themselves. Products are distributed according to the rule: the more complex the product, the higher the group it belongs to. If you import two types of goods - a pen and a pencil case, then all the goods will be imported and cleared through customs according to the classification of the pencil case, because it is a technically more complex product than a pen. Specially trained people can assign the HS. You can have such a person on staff or turn to customs brokers or transport companies that carry out international deliveries on a turnkey basis.

Some novice businessmen try to do this on their own at first. At first they manage to do this, but sooner or later they stumble upon a rake.

I would not recommend experimenting with HS codes. There are goods that are coded ambiguously, and in these cases the entrepreneur may face administrative and criminal liability.

If you code the goods incorrectly and submit such a declaration, and customs determine this after the fact (customs has the right to inspect the goods within 3 years after the declaration is issued), you may be accused of transporting undeclared goods across the border, that is, contraband. And punishment for smugglers is provided for in both the Administrative and Criminal Codes.

Stage 2 - Customs clearance

For all countries of the Customs Union, customs clearance requirements are the same. Formally, to pass through customs, it is enough to submit a correctly completed declaration, attach a certain set of documents required for the cargo, and wait for the decision of the customs authority.

The advantage of many years of experience in international trade is that you can submit declarations in advance and agree on certain controversial positions in advance. After all, sometimes customs officers themselves do not know how to correctly declare a particular product. And for this case they have their own internal system, which is called RMS - risk management system. This system ultimately decides what needs to be done with the declaration and the goods. In some cases, you can immediately release the goods into free circulation, in others you can carry out an inspection or request additional documents, check the company for offshore companies, etc. This is what customs officers do, guided by the internal regulatory rules of the customs office. In theory, these rules should also be uniform, but sometimes they differ at different customs offices. And customs sometimes treat the same goods differently because they interpret these rules differently.

There are specialized customs houses and there are general customs houses. Among the specialized ones, for example, is the excise post, where all excise goods are processed. Or customs offices that specialize in certain goods: food or flowers. Because holding flowers in customs for 2-3 days is an unforgivable luxury; they can simply wither.

“Bad” and “good” customs posts are posts with which you have a “bad” or “good” relationship.

Most customs posts are located on the borders of Russia. But there are exceptions: Ryazan customs, Moscow customs, for example. You can choose any customs office, depending on the logistics. You can choose Vladivostok customs, and then transport the goods to Moscow, you can choose customs in Bryansk, and then transport the goods to Yamal. But since different customs offices, as I already said, interpret certain standards differently, customs clearance at one customs office can cost several times more than at another. This is due to the fact that there is a concept of “risk profile”, which is different for each customs office. If the product you declare to customs is cheaper than the “risk profile” for it, then customs will ask an insane number of questions - why are you importing this product cheaper. For example, if you are carrying 3 boxes of pens worth 1 rub. 20 kopecks, then this is normal, but if you are carrying a container of pens worth 1 ruble. (below the “risk profile”), then customs may be wary.

For each product there is non-tariff regulation - the collection of documents to obtain a specific certification for each product. For example, all children's products that are imported into the Russian Federation must be certified in a special way. To do this, in most cases, it is necessary to provide samples of goods to special certification bodies in order to receive a certificate that the product is safe for use by children. However, you can often receive a certificate without providing the product, without testing the product. For example, based on photographs.

We had a case where notebooks were considered contraband. They stood at customs for four months. The reason is low cost. At that time, we had a large long-term contract with a company from China, so they gave us a big discount on these notebooks. But at customs they said that these notebooks couldn’t be that cheap. In order to rescue the shipment of goods, we had to collect a bunch of documents, raise email correspondence with representatives of the Chinese company and show letters in which it was stated that we bought these notebooks at the exact price that was stated at customs.

There was another case. We cleared customs for an industrial boiler through St. Petersburg. The cauldron was more than 7 meters high and weighed several tons. But at customs they told us: “Guys, according to our code, your boiler actually costs twice as much as you stated. Therefore, we suggest you pay twice the customs duties.” And “twice” meant hundreds of thousands of dollars. We began to find out why this happened, and found out: previously, some kind of boiler with a certain value was transported through this customs office. And based on this data, customs officers also examine the remaining boilers. We also declared our boiler as a boiler according to the HS, but that boiler weighed 5 kilograms. Accordingly, in terms of comparison, comparing the cost of a 5-kilogram boiler and ours, it turns out that ours will cost several times less. And we dealt with this for a very long time, provided a huge amount of documents and resolved this issue pre-trial in our favor.

Stage 3 - Payment of duties

Customs fees can be divided into three large parts. If we do not pay excise duty, then on other goods we pay duty (in Russia, for 95% of goods this is from 0 to 20% of the contract value), VAT (0%, 10% or 18%) and the customs duty itself - this is a small amount, not exceeding 0.5% of the contract value.

If you take the maximum, then formally the fee should be no more than 45% of the contract value. But in reality, you will have to leave more money at customs, because there are specific duties that are paid not on the value of the contract, but on a certain unit of measurement of the goods. There are duties that are paid per engine size, and this is how all cars are cleared through customs. There are duties per kilogram, this is how textiles or furniture are cleared through customs. Therefore, often the difference between the price at the factory and the price in the countries of the Customs Union reaches at least 70%, and in some cases it can even be 200% (rattan furniture from Indonesia or an inexpensive refrigerator from China).

Konstantin Bushuev , co-founder of Xiao Long Group, expert on business with China

Customs clearance of goods from China to Russia

China is the world's factory. Shoes, textiles, mobile phones, toys, equipment - the range of goods is huge. One thing remains the same - to make money, you need to do everything right: organize transportation from Asia to Russia, provide a declaration, pay duties.

We tell you how to make customs clearance of goods from China more profitable and easier - on your own or through an intermediary, what documents are needed, and how much money you will have to pay.

Options for customs clearance of goods from China

For individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, several import and customs clearance options are possible.

Who clears customs?

According to the rules of Incoterms 2010, an international sales contract can be concluded on universal terms - DDP, DAP, DAT, CIP, CPT, FCA, EXW or water conditions CIF, CFR, FAS, FOB. Depending on the option chosen, completing customs formalities becomes the responsibility of the seller or the buyer.

Customs clearance is carried out according to one of three options.

On one's own. This method is rarely used and is suitable for large importers. The declarant or owner of the cargo must have full-time specialists who know the legislation and have experience working with a specific customs point.
Customs broker. This is an option for small and medium businesses. The broker acts as an intermediary who takes care of logistics and represents the interests of the client - he delivers and clears cargo from China.
Contract holder. In this case, the delivery is “turnkey”, the client receives the goods and is not considered an importer. A broker acts as a participant in foreign trade activities - he buys goods, delivers them and clears customs clearance.

It is undesirable to experiment and engage in customs clearance on your own for a number of reasons - the lack of well-established relations with customs posts and the complexity of concepts. Instead of savings, additional costs appear and time is lost.

How to clear customs?

When customs clearance of goods from China or placing goods under the release procedure for domestic consumption, different schemes are used.

The first is general. This option is practiced by all importing companies when importing large commercial quantities of goods for subsequent sale and other purposes.

The second is simplified. This method is suitable for individual entrepreneurs and certain goods, for example, the total cost of which does not exceed 1000 euros. It allows the use of transport, commercial and other documents as declarations.

Where to clear customs?

Commercial consignments of goods imported into the territory of the CU of the EAEU are subject to customs clearance.

Customs clearance is carried out at the border or at the place of delivery - Moscow, Khabarovsk, Rostov and other cities where there are customs posts. You can also submit your declaration electronically. This is convenient when the goods are located in the region of activity of another body.

The choice of location depends on the scheme and method of cargo transportation. For example, when delivering by sea, the customs post “Sea Port” in Vladivostok is relevant. If you need to quickly deliver goods to Novosibirsk or Yekaterinburg by rail and truck, checkpoints on the border of China and Kazakhstan - Ashankou, Zimunai or Chuguchak - are suitable.

Procedure for customs clearance of goods from China

The customs clearance process can be roughly divided into four stages - filling out the declaration, submitting it along with a package of supporting documents, waiting for data verification and paying duties.

Declaration

The declaration contains information about the goods and the manufacturer, the declarant, vehicles for transportation, payments, and terms of the transaction. It is better to entrust its filling to a broker who will not make a mistake in determining classification codes according to the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity and customs value.

A large number of highly specialized documentation and reference information, ambiguity of classification make the task a “tough nut to crack”, which only a professional can handle. It is not without reason that complex cases become the subject of litigation.

Brokers providing customs clearance services for goods from China have access to databases of issued declarations, class decisions of the Federal Customs Service and the EAEU countries, and various regulatory documents. This simplifies and speeds up the determination.

Assigning a HS code to a product is a key point. Depending on the classification:

The payment rate is set.
The need for mandatory certification is determined.

The second most important step is determining the customs value. This is due to the presence of risk profiles and the concept of “passing price”.

In practice it looks like this. If the declared value of a product is less than the selling price for it, then the inspector may not agree with it. For confirmation and approval, additional documents must be submitted, or the declaration will fall under the CCC (customs value adjustment).

Required documents

The declaration is submitted together with a package of documents - originals, copies or electronic versions that confirm the information specified in it.

For customs clearance you need:

Foreign trade contract.
Invoice with details of the parties and specifications for the goods.

Packing list with information about the goods in each package.
Export declaration or price list to justify the declared customs value and calculation method.
Agreement with the carrier company and transport documents.
Agreement with a customs broker.
Payment orders confirming the payment of payments or their security.
Certificates, permits, declarations of conformity of vehicles.

Customs duties

Customs payments consist of import duties, VAT, fees and excise taxes on the import of alcohol, cigarettes, cars, petroleum products, and ethyl alcohol.

For an approximate calculation you need to know that:

The rate of customs import duty ranges from 0 to 20% of the customs value of the goods.
The VAT rate is 0%, 10% or 18% and is determined by the product code of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity.
The customs duty rate is about 0.3% of the customs value of goods.

Cost of customs clearance

Formally, the costs depend on the customs value, characteristics/type of goods and the assigned HS code. In fact, it also depends on the EAEU CU country through which it is imported, and the specific customs office. The first is explained by different VAT rates, the second by different passing prices.

To the expenses you need to add the cost of brokerage services for delivery and customs clearance.

You can also email us at [email protected] or call our toll-free number:

Terms of customs clearance

In the absence of violations - correct filling out of the declaration of declaration, provision of all documents, payment of duties and taxes - customs clearance must be completed no later than one day after registration of the declaration. If there are grounds, the deadlines may be extended for the necessary time, not exceeding 10 days.

You can also email us at [email protected] or call:

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Customs clearance of goods from China: rules, place of customs clearance, price

Every day all kinds of cargo are delivered from China to the Russian Federation. This includes equipment and goods for small sales. When ordering products in China, it is important to work through each stage: searching for a supplier, selecting a product, and contracting with the manufacturer. The most important factor is correct customs clearance. Without it, you risk simply not receiving the cargo.

Let's look at the methods of customs clearance at the place where it is carried out: in Vladivostok and Kazakhstan. We will list the documents required for customs clearance and estimate the cost of customs clearance.

Correct customs clearance of cargo from China

Delivery and customs clearance of goods from China is an important part of a trade operation. It is especially important to carefully think through and organize everything for those who are on the verge of starting business with China. In the previous article we wrote about methods of delivering goods from China, how to clear the cargo through customs?

Customs clearance can be of two types - simplified and full customs clearance. The simplified scheme is only available for transporting items for personal use. If you are interested in dropshipping goods from China, go here. Sometimes an entrepreneur decides to transport goods in very small quantities in order to avoid full customs clearance. However, this option has many risks: loss of cargo, violation of the law.

If you are going to transport large quantities of cargo, it is better not to neglect full customs clearance. Customs clearance can be carried out according to two schemes:

on the border;
at the place of cargo delivery.

There is a remote release service. It involves filing customs declaration and customs clearance in one place while the products are located in another place. This is a convenient option when, for example, your cargo is stored in temporary warehouses at the border.

Customs clearance of goods from China to Russia can be carried out according to one of three options:

Self-submission of a customs declaration .
An option convenient for medium and large companies. To implement it, you will need a trained employee specifically involved in customs clearance. Small firms, as a rule, do not have the resources to hire such a highly specialized specialist. When you first submit your declaration, be prepared to provide customs officers with your incorporation documentation, certificate of registration, and other documents. Any citizen of the Russian Federation can submit a declaration, but it will be more reliable if the person has a document confirming the right to work with customs clearance. The advantage of this option is that you will know everything about cargo storage and clearance. The disadvantages are the need to hire an employee, responsibility for all possible risks;
Filing a declaration through a broker .
In this case, you will only need to draw up a foreign trade contract and determine the terms of transportation. Read more about INCOTERMS terms here. The customs representative will deal with all the details of customs clearance. It is the broker who will bear responsibility for all risks, which is the advantage of this option. In addition, the broker has undergone special training and has the right to work with customs authorities, which makes the risks minimal. This is a good option for small companies that do not have the opportunity to hire a customs clearance specialist on staff. When choosing a representative, it is important to pay attention to his reputation and education;
Import of cargo under a broker's contract .
This option involves close interaction with the customs representative. To implement it, you need to conclude an agency agreement with a broker who will deal with the delivery and customs clearance of goods from China. After this, you can receive the cargo, which has passed customs clearance, on the territory of the Russian Federation. The disadvantages of this scheme are possible risks. In particular, you will have no control over shipping and financial affairs. The representative can use gray schemes and spend the money allocated for customs duties. For this reason, this scheme requires the absolute reliability of the broker, which is not always achievable. The advantages of this option are obvious. Almost no work is required on your part. All you have to do is pay the broker.

Where to clear cargo through customs?

There are two popular options for the place of customs clearance of cargo from China: Kazakhstan and Vladivostok. Each option has its own characteristics:

Kazakhstan . It is a profitable option both in terms of logistics and taxes. More suitable for processing groupage cargo. Customs clearance in Kazakhstan will become even cheaper if you organize the logistics chain correctly. Transportation of goods to the desired location can be carried out using road transport, which further reduces costs;
Vladivostok . The city is located close to China, and therefore customs clearance here is relatively inexpensive. However, this option also has its own characteristics. In particular, it involves considerable transport costs. Delivery of cargo from Vladivostok is only available by railway transport, which is quite expensive.

The place of customs clearance is determined not only by the costs of clearance, but also by the costs of organizing cargo delivery. Therefore, before deciding where to carry out the procedure, you need to think about the possibilities of transporting the goods to their destination.

Documents for registration

Documentation will be required at the preliminary stage of customs clearance, when you notify customs about the transportation of goods. Documents will be required both during registration and during exchange control. You need to prepare the following papers and data:

invoice (paper transferred from the seller to the consumer). The document indicates the size and list of cargo, cost, characteristics, terms of purchase, information about the seller and buyer;
a packing list containing information about the types of products in each package;
name of the product manufacturer, information about it;
product certificate;
exact name of the products;
purpose of the goods;
high-quality photographs of products and packaging material;
the material from which the product is made;
type and material of packaging;
information about the recipient;
transportation method;
conditions of transportation.

If all these documents for the goods are in order, you will significantly speed up the customs clearance procedure.

The main document for customs clearance is the customs declaration. You can fill it out with the assistance of a consultant. The declaration indicates the name of the product, the amount of taxes, and the product code. The code is indicated in the classification of the Vehicle Product Nomenclature.

How much does customs clearance of goods from China cost?

The cost of customs clearance is calculated depending on many factors:

quantity of goods;
weight and volume;
type of cargo, for example, the cost of customs clearance of industrial equipment from China will differ from the price of souvenirs even with the same total weight of the cargo;
the state through which the goods are transported;
cargo characteristics;
the time it takes to complete all the necessary paperwork.

It is difficult to determine the exact cost of customs clearance. It can fluctuate even if you transport similar shipments of goods. This is where a customs clearance calculator for goods from China may come in handy. You will find it on brokers' websites.

Knowledge about the peculiarities of formation of the cost of customs clearance will help you in transporting cargo:

You should not choose brokers who offer customs clearance at a very low cost. Most often, this option means carrying out registration according to the gray scheme. If this is discovered, responsibility for violating the law will fall on you;
Freight transportation companies often offer to calculate the cost of clearance for a specific shipment, which is quite convenient;
You should not choose transport companies that determine the cost based on the size of the shipment. Most often, this means that the company operates under gray schemes, transporting products under the wrong name, which also promises problems with the law.

The amount of customs duties is determined by the type of product. Each type of product has a special ten-digit code, which determines the amount of duties.

It is also worth mentioning tariff and non-tariff restrictions on foreign trade activities:

Tariffs . It is expected that duties will be increased on products that are undesirable for import into the Russian Federation. For example, this rule applies to foreign cars;
Non-tariff . They imply quotas, restrictions on the permissible volumes of products for import, and mandatory certification.

In order for customs clearance to proceed quickly and without risks, thoughtful completion of all its stages is required. This is a choice of both the customs clearance method, the broker for cooperation, and the place where customs clearance will be carried out.

You will find additional information on the topic in the “Working with China” section.

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St. Petersburg and Leningrad region: +7 (812) 309-93-24

Attention! Due to recent changes in legislation, the legal information in this article may be out of date!

Our specialist will advise you free of charge.

How to clear customs cargo from China to Russia

Customs clearance of goods from China represents the fulfillment of a number of duties and formalities in the process of moving cargo across the border between countries. These actions must be performed carefully and carefully. Customs clearance from China must be carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in order to avoid unwanted problems.

The complex specifics of the entire customs clearance procedure requires the participation of a competent broker with extensive experience in customs, who will timely prepare all the necessary documents to prevent products from getting stuck between the borders of two states during transportation.

Place one request on B2B-China and receive offers on customs clearance of goods from many trusted brokers! Choose the best offer and work directly!

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Stages of customs clearance of Chinese products

A service such as customs clearance of goods from China to the Russian Federation consists of four stages:

The first is preliminary work related to the analysis of contract terms. Potential risks of adjustment and possible difficulties that may accompany customs clearance of goods from China are studied, the code and price of the goods are selected and agreed upon. Documents and delivery conditions are also examined for compliance with customs requirements, and foreign trade agreements are approved. The end of this stage is the receipt of the necessary certificates and conclusions required for the import of Chinese goods into the Russian Federation from all licensing authorities.

At the second stage, customs clearance of goods is carried out in different modes both in Russia and in the PRC. Electronic declaration, preliminary information and remote declaration procedures are carried out. While customs clearance of cargo from China is at this stage, it is possible to quickly make additions and changes when registering the delivery of goods, as well as control the execution of export documentation by the sending country.

China-Russia customs clearance at the third stage consists of obtaining classification decisions from the Russian customs service and certifying Chinese products in the Russian Federation. In order for customs clearance of goods from China to Russia to take place transparently and as quickly as possible, an audit of export-import operations and supplies is carried out.

Attribution of products to different customs regimes and procedures (re-export, exhibition cargo, processing regime, secured transit).

Why entrust customs clearance to a specialized organization?

The process of clearing Chinese goods at customs in Russia can take a lot of time and, most importantly, money. An importer who does not have experience in this area is better off seeking help from a specialized company that employs brokers with extensive experience. In this case, the total cost of customs clearance of goods from China will be significantly reduced, in addition, the customer will receive complete confidence in the correctness of all actions performed by a professional.

Benefits for importers:

receiving advice on all issues of interest (how much customs services cost, what fees and duties need to be paid, etc.);
registration of products from the main groups of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity by competent specialists;
responsibility for the cargo, taking into account all possible risks;
optimal cost of cargo customs clearance.

Also, using the services of a broker will save the client’s time and shorten the inspection period - the specialist knows what documents can be prepared in advance to reduce the period of downtime for goods at the border. He also monitors changes in customs tariffs and legislation (national and international), and uses them wisely.

Place just one request for customs clearance of goods on B2B-China and receive offers from many trusted brokers! Choose the best option and work directly!

Customs clearance of goods from China to Russia

We tell you how to make customs clearance of goods from China more profitable and easier - on your own or through an intermediary, what documents are needed, and how much money you will have to pay.

Options for customs clearance of goods from China

For individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, several import and customs clearance options are possible.

Who clears customs?

Customs clearance is carried out according to one of three options.

On one's own. This method is rarely used and is suitable for large importers. The declarant or owner of the cargo must have full-time specialists who know the legislation and have experience working with a specific customs point.
Customs broker. This is an option for small and medium businesses. The broker acts as an intermediary who takes care of logistics and represents the interests of the client - he delivers and clears cargo from China.
Contract holder. In this case, the delivery is “turnkey”, the client receives the goods and is not considered an importer. A broker acts as a participant in foreign trade activities - he buys goods, delivers them and clears customs clearance.

How to clear customs?

When customs clearance of goods from China or placing goods under the release procedure for domestic consumption, different schemes are used.

The first is general. This option is practiced by all importing companies when importing large commercial quantities of goods for subsequent sale and other purposes.

Where to clear customs?

Commercial consignments of goods imported into the territory of the CU of the EAEU are subject to customs clearance.

Procedure for customs clearance of goods from China

Declaration

Assigning a HS code to a product is a key point. Depending on the classification:

The payment rate is set.
The need for mandatory certification is determined.

The second most important step is determining the customs value. This is due to the presence of risk profiles and the concept of “passing price”.

Required documents

The declaration is submitted together with a package of documents - originals, copies or electronic versions that confirm the information specified in it.

For customs clearance you need:

Foreign trade contract.
Invoice with details of the parties and specifications for the goods.

Packing list with information about the goods in each package.
Export declaration or price list to justify the declared customs value and calculation method.
Agreement with the carrier company and transport documents.
Agreement with a customs broker.
Payment orders confirming the payment of payments or their security.
Certificates, permits, declarations of conformity of vehicles.

Customs duties

Customs payments consist of import duties, VAT, fees and excise taxes on the import of alcohol, cigarettes, cars, petroleum products, and ethyl alcohol.

For an approximate calculation you need to know that:

The rate of customs import duty ranges from 0 to 20% of the customs value of the goods.
The VAT rate is 0%, 10% or 18% and is determined by the product code of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity.
The customs duty rate is about 0.3% of the customs value of goods.

Cost of customs clearance

To the expenses you need to add the cost of brokerage services for delivery and customs clearance.

You can also email us at [email protected] or call our toll-free number:

Terms of customs clearance

You can also email us at [email protected] or call:

May be useful

The site is not a public offer

You can also email us at [email protected] or call our toll-free number:

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. TERMS USED

3. PROTECTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION

4. FINAL PROVISIONS

4.1. The Contractor reserves the right to make unilateral changes to these rules. Changes to the terms of these rules come into force after they are published on the Site.